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Shrinking Asia

UNDP has the right to use in perpetuity. ©Pilotsevas/Shutterstock.com

24 January 2022

Shrinking Asia

By Gwynne Dyer

 

In the politics of population, the magic number is 2.1. That is ‘replacement level’: if a country’s fertility rate (the  average number of children a woman has in her lifetime) is 2.1, then the country’s population will remain level. Above that number, it starts to grow; below 2.1, it eventually falls. And something really significant is happening in Asia.

The big news is that India’s fertility rate  has now dropped below replacement level: it is 2.0 per woman. 

That doesn’t mean that India’s population will start falling right away. India will still overtake China and become the world’s most populous country later this decade, with around 1.45 billion people, but in due course it will stop growing and start shrinking.

The delay is because human beings are not salmon: they do not spawn and die. Instead, they live on another thirty or forty or even fifty years after their children are born, so there is still a little bit of growth left in most Asian countries.

Let me explain, using the Dyer clan. I was the eldest of five children, which was a middle-sized family in Newfoundland at the time. We all lived to grow up, and on average we had exactly 2.0 children each – just below replacement level.

Those children all lived to grow up too, and it looks like they’re also going to end up with an average of 2.0 children each – but I and my brothers and sisters are all STILL alive.

Three generations of us, and where there were ten people in my generation (counting spouses), there are now thirty.

The baby boom stops there, because when my generation dies off, we will be replaced by the great-grandchildren. At that point the Dyer clan will finally have reached equilibrium – or even started to shrink a bit, if some of the grandchildren cut back on the child-bearing. It takes a very long time to stabilise if you stay at 2.0.

However, Asian populations are not stopping at 2.0.  The phenomenon is most extreme in East Asia, where every country’s population is already in steep decline. 

In South Korea, where the fertility rate is an astonishing 0.86 (less than one child per woman, on average), the population is going into free fall. At this rate, it will drop by half by the end of the century.

Same for China, where official statistics predict that the average woman will have only 1.3 children in her lifetime. At that rate, China will be down from 1.41 billion people now to 700 million by 2100, less than twice the population of United States at that time.

Even that may be too optimistic. Fertility expert Fuxian Yi, senior scientist in the obstetrics and gynecology department at the University of Wisconsin, recently estimated that China’s 2020 population was actually 1.28 billion, not the 1.41 billion recorded on the census, and that China’s real fertility rate is a lot less than 1.3.

The discrepancy arises, he says, because many of the children counted don’t exist. Local governments overstate their population to get more subsidies, especially education fees, from the central government, and some families buy extra birth certificates online on the black market because there are over 20 social benefits linked to a birth registration.

If Dr. Yi is right, then the United States, despite a fairly low growth rate (443 million in the year 2100), may have about the same population as China by the end of the century.  Japan’s fertility rate is 1.35, but that still means its population will fall from 125 million now to 75 million by century’s end.

Most of South and Southeast Asia is already below replacement level (Vietnam 2.0, Bangladesh 1.9,  Thailand 1.5). The rest are almost there (Indonesia 2.2, Myanmar 2.15, Sri Lanka 2.15).  Apart from the Muslim countries of the Greater Middle East (Pakistan to Syria), the only big Asian country still growing fast is the Philippines (2.5).

Populations in Europe are stable or gently falling, and in the Americas almost every country has a growth rate of less than 1%. The only world regions still growing fast are the Middle East and Africa, where population growth rates are between 1.5% and 3%. 

Project those numbers forward to 2100, even allowing for a gradual decline in Middle Eastern and African fertility rates (which is not currently happening at all), and just these two regions will contain half the population of the planet at the end of the century: more than four billion people. 

 

Except for the Arab oil states and a couple of middle-income countries like South Africa and Iran, unfortunately, none of these countries has a per capita GDP of more than $5,000 a year, and their incomes are barely keeping up with population growth. It will be a very divided world.

 

Punching Bag

Green Wizardries; Seeds of Change

Green Wizardries, Seeds of Change, by Maxine Rogers

I feel winds of change sweeping over Canada and the wider world. You may ask whether the change is good or bad but I don’t think that is the point. Change requires us to adapt to make it a good change. Try not adapting and the change may hurt you.

One of the changes I have foreseen is an upcoming spike in the price of food. Yes, I reached out with my Druid senses and saw the future! Druids do cultivate 3 uncommon senses: a sense of proportion, a sense of humour and common sense.

The price of natural gas is very high this year and fertilizer plants around the world have either shut down or drastically reduced their production. Once conventional farmers realize they cannot buy fertilizer, the price will go up and the manufacturing plants will come roaring back to life because the selling price of fertilizer will allow them to buy the costly natural gas which is a feed stock for synthetic fertilizer. The devil is in this detail; the high cost of buying fertilizer will send the cost of food skyrocketing.

I am telling you this now so that you can take evasive action, if you wish. As the philosopher Voltaire wrote, “We must cultivate our garden.” I have lived in the Levant which is terrible farming country with poor, thin, abused soil and not much in the way of rain but the people there all do pretty well on a nearly vegetarian diet. One of the staples of life there is the humble broad bean.

I just got my crop from last year threshed and weighed them. I had them in a 3 by 8 foot bed and got 5.75 lbs of nice dry beans from that one bed. According to my Joy of Cooking, only1/3 of a cup of dry beans is needed to produce one portion of cooked beans per person. There look to be a lot of portions of beans in that harvest.

These beans grow well in our climate but they are the really old-fashioned bean from the Middle East and will not take a frost. Some broad beans may be planted in the fall but these beans, The Jerusalem broad bean, like to be planted later in the spring. They are a grateful crop to grow. Almost like a weed in their hardiness, they crop heavily and ripen reliably. This year, I will grow a large patch of Jerusalem’s in my new, no till garden and expect to be self-sufficient in beans.

Another good staple crop that likes to grow here is the potato. We grow a lot of potatoes and they are an easy crop to start with. A favourite method of mine for growing potatoes is chit the potatoes in a tray. This means to lay your seed potatoes in a tray in the sun in a sheltered spot like a sunny window sill or a glassed in porch until their buds are coming on pretty strong. Then, I place the potatoes on a bed of mulch in the garden and put a layer of screened sand over them. This is because my soil is a heavy clay and we always need to add sand to lighten it. Then, the potatoes get covered up with compost or soiled hay from the stable and topped off with a layer of maple leaves if we have any left over.

The potatoes have no trouble growing through the mulch and leaves and the roots have no trouble going into the earth. The potatoes remain clustered around their parent seed potato and you don’t have to dig in the earth to find them. Just sweep through the fluffy compost with your hands to harvest the potatoes.

We did this a couple of years ago on a grassy pasture and were worried about wire worms which live among the grass roots and will destroy a crop of potatoes. We put down a layer of heavy paper feed bags and put the compost and sand on top of the paper. We didn’t have a single potato damaged by wire worms.

I am very happy to tell you that Danni Crenna is organizing a Seedy Saturday for March. Danni is planning to hold the event outside under a tent which sounds kind of jolly to me and much more hygienic than breathing in each others’ exhalations indoors. I will be there to trade my Jerusalem broad beans and other seeds I have grown last year.

The principle of Seedy Saturdays is that you must have seeds to share to participate. If you don’t have any seeds to swap but want some of my broad beans, just give me a call at 335-1088 and I will get some beans to you.

Another bit of good news is that the Garden Club is going to try to hold some Garden Tours this year! My gardens and farm animals will be on show April 20th. I will be featuring our new, no-till garden and my Magic Garden. These tours are free to Garden Club members and there is only a small drop-in fee if you are not a member.

Until then, we are still stuck indoors gardening. I have a collection of outrageously happy house plants. You can see them here lined up in my bathtub for their weekly shower. I learned this from a 19th century book on farming and gardening. The book said to put all houseplants in a large sink and give them a good shower with a watering can once a week to get all the dust off them. My plants love their shower and grow quite large and unruly. I also give them a shot of liquid fertilizer after their shower and they are good all week.

Back in the day, a lot of people used to cultivate chrysanthemums in the summer and pot them up as indoor flowers for the winter. This seems like a good idea to me as we would have fresh and local flowers in our houses for the winter. I do miss fresh flowers in the winter.

 

An Unpainted Portrait; Ah, nuts, or The Importance of Uplifting Support

Ah, nuts.

or

The Importance of Uplifting Support

On the morning of the big parade, the sun was doing its best as the senior intake prepared to spend their last half-day on campus. On this most special of occasions for them, we were also very much part of the show. The crowd had gathered, the snooty VIP in place. We waited out of sight for our big moment. The music rang out: it was time. Left-right, left-right; we double-marched on the spot to get the rhythm as the leaders set off. And at that precise moment, the universe played its devilish hand. The already feeble elastic in my underpants had chosen this precise moment to entirely give up the ghost, leaving my undercarriage entirely unsupported. On we jogged, and all fell quiet as, according to the plan, I was the last to pit-a-pat to my designated point and as the last moving person, the crowd’s attention was upon me. I stopped directly in front of a very familiar, haughty nose raised several degrees above horizontal. Two dark and piggy eyes peered over the impressive, brandy-enhanced proboscis. He peered at me with bored disdain. Little did the great man know of the burgeoning disaster in my working-class, catastrophically unsupported loins. All he saw was a young man wearing voluminous shorts and a pained expression.

The brief introductory speech crackled through the ancient public address system, giving me way too much time to ponder the situation. Suddenly, a whistle peeped. Like one of Pavlov’s dogs, I jumped into the stand-at-ease position, and then as the music started, a star. I briefly wondered how often this scenario was played out within the Home Secretary’s parliamentary office. Prompted by this sudden activity, my testicles unceremoniously popped out of my undies. Reminder: I was three metres in front of the Home Secretary. Now, I don’t know if he could see my tender components waving about (that sounds a bit boastful; it was more like a wiggle) or maybe he was unmoved by such sights, but he made no outward sign of having noticed. I think he probably would have been unable to pass it off if my genitals had indeed made their presence known, but the mark of greatness is the ability to deal with anything with aplomb. I felt like I was on open display, and I was utterly devoid of aplomb. Of all the things I had planned for my life, waving my unsupported naughty bits at the third most powerful person in the realm had never been on the list. The sweat rolled down my face and mingled with tears streaming from my eyes. I knew what awaited us.

Having been thoroughly trained, regardless of my discomfort I refrained from shoving my hands down the front of my shorts and making vital adjustments. Instead, I began to lead the group in the much-practised series of vigorous exercises. I don’t mind telling you, I suffered for my poor choice of undergarments. I went through our entire jumpy, jerky, swingy routine utterly devoid of what any reasonable person might consider to be adequate support. As salty water streamed down my face, those most sensitive of parts banged and crashed into one another and the inside of my thighs (again, that sounds boastful, but not so: I had big thighs).

My mind wasn’t, however, only dwelling upon my suffering. I felt sorry, too, for my poor colleagues, who were supposed to be watching my every move. While everyone knew the routine by heart, they still had to make sure that they took their timing from yours truly. As we hovered for a few moments in the press-up position, for example, I was acutely aware that my wares (such as they were) were probably visible. Attracted inexorably towards the most massive object in the vicinity, they tried to touch the surface of the planet before any other part of my anatomy. Stars appeared, flashes of light streaked across my vision and nausea reared its ugly head as my undercarriage clattered around inside the aircraft hangar that was my (ridiculous) pair of shorts. As well as the physical discomfort, I was ravaged by the anguish brought on by the feeling that ‘everything’ was almost definitely on view to at least some of the unsuspecting relatives of colleagues. They didn’t deserve such treatment.

Minutes of sweaty, jerky and bouncy exercises passed slower than time has ever passed before. Trust me on this. I checked with Stephen Hawking: it’s a well-known scientific principle that free-swinging testicles have a direct effect upon the linear nature of the space/time continuum. The angle of dangle has an inverse relationship to the speed at which time passes. Or so it seemed. Once the exercises were complete, and when the glorious, beautiful note of the final whistle blew, I felt like I had two red hot and dreadfully swollen bowling balls clanking around down there. Surely, I thought, they were visible to the assembled masses. With relief throbbing through my system, I hobbled off the square with my teammates.

Almost as nonchalantly as we had left, our specially selected teams of twenty-four hunks – identified by copious band-aids and interesting collections of bruises – returned to the parade square carrying the garishly painted logs. I was thankful to have had the opportunity, in the form of a frantic, trembling rearrangement of the affected parts, to ensure that my throbbing crown jewels were not, after all, halfway down each thigh. Out of view, that was, until I performed any energetic manoeuvres involving bending over. Unfortunately, I was about to do exactly that. The throwing and catching of the logs commenced to the muted gasps of the crowd. Amazement or puzzlement, it was hard to tell. In the back of my mind was the particular danger of the final, thrilling ‘race’ exercise, where we bent over (!), pushed the pole backwards between our legs. While we did so, the person at the front of the line ran to the back to catch it as it emerged from the tunnel, so to speak. After each of us had our turn, we raised the pole upright for our ‘monkey’ to climb. I wasn’t relishing the prospect.

After we’d thrown, caught, spun, lifted and tumbled the poles to the obvious bemusement of the watching members of the public, the moment came for our little competition. As we prepared to bend over in a line and shuffle the poles between our legs, I shot a proactive apology over my shoulder to the poor soul immediately behind me. He said nothing, although I could have sworn that I heard a muffled cry of alarm. When my ‘turn’ to run to the back of the line arrived, I did so painfully and realised too late that for a few seconds at least, my shortcomings would be pointed at one hapless section of the crowd. Less spectacle and more testicle, I mused. I grimaced in the knowledge that someone would surely notice my condition. Thankfully, there were no screams, no sounds of unconscious bodies hitting the ground. It seemed likely, too, that there was nobody with medical training in the audience, or else they would surely have elbowed their neighbours aside and rushed to my aid.

As the race finally concluded and we watched our ‘monkey’ climb the splintery pole, I was left reflecting, as I looked up at his scrambling hairy legs – and inevitably, his underwear – that it was a very good thing for all concerned that it was he and not I who was up there.

 

Memoir of a Rural Sisyphus-Redux, Marriages and Miracle Beaches

Introduction

Memoir of a Rural Sisyphus-Redux

Bill Engleson

http://www.engleson.ca

 

For a few years, I kept a diary of my inauguration into the Denman Community. This column, recently renamed Memoir of a Rural Sisyphus-Redux, will

extract several of my observations from a dozen or more years ago and share them. Hopefully, they will have some modern times currency.

Marriages and Miracle Beaches

(Memoirist’s contextual note, January 2022: For seven year, from 2005-12, I served as a provincially appointed Marriage Commissioner.)

July 29, 2007

Yesterday, I drove to Miracle Beach, a beautiful provincial park halfway between Courtenay and Campbell River. I arrived an hour early, as is often my custom with significant appointments.

Lay of the land and all that.

Provincial Parks have a pay for parking system. The cost would be covered by the bride and groom. I had no qualms about paying but alas, paying was not possible.

One poor woman, desperately seeking a positive parking experience and fastidiously connected to honesty was running around opining on the lack of a way to pay.

I had arrived a few minutes before her and come to the same conclusion. There is petty comfort in having someone else take an exaggerated stance on an annoying trifle which bothers you.

A third less concerned parking party, “Call me Walter,” he jokingly said, offered to be called as a witness if the State took her or me to Court.

As it was, the State clearly had no intention of charging anyone that day. The payment box was locked as tight as marriage vows are yearned to be. I suspect vandals had recently plundered the box and the locked container was a short-term resolution to the incommodious crime. That seemed a more sensible diagnosis than believing government had decreed a Parking Toll Freedom Day at Miracle Beach.

Incidentally, the wedding went well. The betrothed couple had reserved a large, covered picnic area just in case it rained, which it could easily have done. When I arrived at the park, there was a group of 20-30 adults and kids having a picnic in the covered area. They exhibited no regard for the posted notice that was the permit for the wedding to take place and the reservation for the shelter.

Eventually the wedding party dribbled in. One longhaired wedding party maestro with a camera scurried around attempting to hustle the invasive picnickers out of the shelter. Three of the intruders were in wheelchairs adding to the awkward angst.

As the reception was going to be elsewhere, and as it became clear that it wasn’t going to rain, his efforts seemed excessively frazzled and frenzied.

Shortly, the interlopers took their eviction in stride, repaired to an unsheltered location for the duration. I have no doubt they swarmed back into the shelter after the wedding party departed.

As for the wedding, it had a 1970’s theme (including, I believe, but wouldn’t swear to it, John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John’s rendition of “You’re The One That I Want” blasting out over the low tide) and, just for a moment, after the vows were given on the sand and I pronounced the couple married, I wondered if perhaps I had miraculously time-travelled back more than three decades.

 

It was a little disconcerting, but, overall, quite pleasant if only because I flourished in the seventies.

It was a reasonably good decade.

As is this one.

 

Last Stand For Forests, Where have donations gone so far?

Update by Last Stand for Forests, Jan 17th.

Submitted by Eartha Muirhead

Where have donations gone so far?

The following infographic was created as a step towards financial transparency, which is a priority for this movement. These averages provide insight into the financial decisions made from January to October 2021 to support people, camps, and arrestees on both the forest and legal frontlines. The figures were provided by volunteers who manage the finances for the movement, which has been a monumentous task

.

Corporate Interests

Corporate Interests

by Thomas Provençal 

Self-loathing is an attitude 

of a conscious human being. 

To align with corporate interests 

is to face the wind while peeing. 

Modern corporations 

are more concerned with money 

than protecting social interests 

like producing milk and honey. 

And yet the people bow 

before the altar of success, 

measured by the profits 

and ignoring all the mess. 

Our natural world pooh-poohed upon 

in support of economics 

while the role of politicians 

is reduced to stand up comics. 

To champion social justice 

and not hog all the meat 

is to insult the example 

of the corporatist elite

who play with money markets 

instead of economic growth, 

pretending to be spending, 

defending technocratic oath. 

In defence of freedom 

the people must unite 

yet the system keeps us fat enough 

to erode our will to fight. 

Unconsciousness is dominant 

as people fall in line 

as a measure of obedience 

that the 1% define.

 

Kosma Busheikin Quartet

Last November, I had the pleasure of taking in the Kosma Busheikin Quartet at the Guesthouse. Denman is an open-hearted, ardent musical community with no shortage of support no matter what your interest or level of musicianship may be, so I did not want to pass up the chance to find out how a true son of Denmanistan got to go pro.

Kosma is an island lad, arriving from the Czech Republic, aged two, with his parents, Laura, and Tomas. He began taking music seriously when he started to learn the guitar at age 16 under the tutelage of Kevin Mitchell. Kevin brought not only his knowledge and skill on the instrument, but also, as a composer and performer, what Kosma calls “respect for the song.”

Kosma began to put himself out there, first at the Thursday night open mike sessions of the Audio Collective. He subsequently invited Ram Sudama and Ken Hatch to busk with him at the Guesthouse. Jazz had never been much to mind until Ram hired him to perform at the Seniors Hall for a summer event. He also took lessons from Marc Atkinson and played with Ray Ulovec, amongst others.

Denman isn’t exactly a hotbed of jazz, nor did Kosma spend time going to jazz venues in Vancouver or the very few on Vancouver island. Growing up on island, he was used to spending more time on his own and even today, finds himself somewhat amazed by the music scene in Nanaimo, Victoria, and Vancouver. In fact, the first time he was ever in a jazz club was on a trip to Prague. But Denman did offer musical companionship, something, Kosma points out, essential to jazz because a quartet depends on finding fellow musicians with the right chemistry.

Eli Hilberry thought Kosma should look at trying at least one year of the new four-year jazz program at Vancouver Island University. He was also encouraged by Marc Atkinson’s evaluation of his progress. There was much to weigh before taking the plunge because Kosma knew he would have to give it his all. He had done a lot of playing, but his music education was still sketchy. Undeterred, he got through the audition and was accepted. He ended taking up the upright bass, with a major in guitar. As part of the requirements, he also had to learn to sight read, not only playing, but singing. By his own admission, not much of a singer himself, he would strike a note and his friends would tell him if he hit it with his voice. With a lot of practise, he was eventually able to do it on his own. Then there was all the theory, orchestration, composition, and constant practise.

At the end of it all, he was one of only four graduates out of an initial class of thirty. So often we think that only people who are born virtuosi or have brilliant creativity can make it as musicians, but as the saying goes, the better part of talent is hard work.

Apart from Kosma (bass), the quartet members are vocalist Tasha Adams, Graham Villette on drums, and Liam Mackay, guitar. They are based out of Nanaimo and were getting by until Covid shut everything down. The work is starting to come back for them with a weekly gig at a Nanaimo restaurant. The members are all trained at different university programs, some back East. The quartet plays jazz covers, the classics, Cole Porter and what have you, including one arrangement by Kosma himself. “You’ve got to have a repertoire,” Kosma points out. “The difference is in the performance.”

That’s what I like about the jazz quartet or trio, how each member gets a chance to riff and take the music in their own direction within a framework of a beloved familiarity, and the sweet tension of whether they can make a three-point landing. I am reminded of what Bronwyn Schuster said of her mural, Herring Spirit, on the Activity Centre, about the need to let the eye breathe. The same applied to the Quartet, letting the ear breathe, between the riffs, and the return to the song. Everyone was technically strong, with a confident attack, an altogether professional sound. The challenge, Kosma says, is to find their own voice as a quartet, something only possible with constant opportunities to play together. I can only say, they are getting there.

If you missed the show, there is a short video clip on the Grapevine website courtesy of my iPhone.

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Letter to the Editor

Life & Taxes

I have not begun with Death &…because I am still alive after reading my Property Assessment Notice – although I immediately sent off a check to the Heart & Stroke foundation.

As this is my first ever Letter to the Editor, I will make this a brief appeal to property owners on the premise that “union gives strength to the humble” – a Latin Proverb – to appeal your (In my case, an increase of 46% property value) tax assessment. Unless of course, you approve your assessment, which plays into the hands of BC Assessment because “A government which robs Peter to pay Paul can always depend on the support of Paul” – George Bernard Shaw.

According to the rules, I must compare my assessment with similar properties that have recently sold to validate my appeal. Well, I have been here for almost 4 years and if I compare our land with my near neighbour’s, I’m in trouble! Because in those 4 years, the property has changed hands 3 times, with the next owner renovating and flipping the land as an absentee owner to the current absentee owner. As equality consists in the same treatment of similar people, I’m not even on the same playing field.

So what principles are guiding the current property assessment people? As a senior citizen living below the poverty line, do I simply add up how much money I made last year and mail it in? Or defer my taxes and when I finally die, hand the bill over to our children who cannot afford to buy a house anywhere?

I like living here so I’ll close with an unknown quote: “Is life worth living? That depends on the liver”. May your appeal be appealing.

Cheers!

Bob Morley

 

Letter to the Editor

This week’s Grapevine seems to me the best in a while.  I liked the heads-up about the Concerned Residents Association, Max’s article about sharing music learning, and especially Charles King’s letter about the failings of nuclear power.  I was horrified by last week’s paean to nuke power by the ever-giddy technophile Gwynne Dyer. King’s reprint of the experts’ litany of reasons why it is not a good solution was right on, and in line with many real stories I have covered and heard for decades around this issue.

Even if all the plans could be perfect, the execution of nukes by humans leaves much to be desired.  I vividly recall when the story broke about a Houston, Texas, nuclear power plant, that the inspectors who were supposed to X-ray every weld had faked the inspections, repeating the same picture in every report.  I also attended and recorded a talk by Vladimir Chernousenko, the Russian physicist in charge of the Chernobyl cleanup, who was expelled from Russia for telling the true dimensions of the disaster and speaking out against nuclear power. There’s much more to be said. The Germans made a smart decision to take nukes out of their plans.

My mistrust of Dyer’s technophilia goes back a decade or more to an article of his supportive of geo-engineering – in that case, seeding particles into the upper atmosphere as a means of blocking the sun and cooling the planet.  He never seems to ask “what could go wrong” about any technology.  Like, what happens when the next volcano does the same trick naturally and perhaps doubles the intensity of a nuclear winter.  

His article in this week’s Grapevine started out as a terrifying litany of the unregulated opportunistic race to occupy space with all manner of devices.  I thought for once he was being critical; but no, he thinks it grand – a step on the way to humans populating the moon and Mars! (Such a pleasant lifestyle, penned up in an artificial environment!  No more walks in the woods for you!)  He clearly hasn’t heard the news I am hearing: for example that the tens of thousands of Musk communications satellites are only expected to work for 5 years, but will continue to orbit either as dangerous space junk or if, perhaps, self-destructing, spread out as aluminum dust contamination. That the amount of space junk already orbiting is a constant danger to other objects in space.  That the few thousand communications satellites already in orbit make it harder to observe the stars.  And items in space sometimes fall to earth in dangerous ways. The environmental risks of laying fiber optic cables under the sea pale by comparison and they can be expected to have a MUCH longer useful life.

If you must continue publishing Dyer (he is a friend of yours?), please start adding a header that says: Fiction.

Frieda Werden

Denman